Part 3 | 語源から考える英単語

Root

Meaning

Examples

ab-

to move away

abstract, abstain, aversion

acer, acri-

bitter

acrid, acrimony, exacerbate

anti-

against

antibacterial, antidote, antithesis, antisocial

art

skill

artifact, artisan, artful, articulate, artificial

ast(er)-

star

asteroid, astronomy, astronaut

aqu-

water

aquarium, aquatic, aqualung

auto-

self

automatic, automate, autobiography

audi-

hear

audible, audience, auditorium

bene-

good

benefit, benign, benefactor

biblio-

book

bibliography, bibliophile

bio-

life

biography, biology, biodegradable, biosphere

cata

down, against

catastrophe, catalog, category, catalyst

centr

center

concentrate, central, egocentric, eccentric

cert-

sure, true

certain, certificate, disconcerted

chrome-

color

monochromatic, phytochrome

chrono-

time

chronic, synchronize, chronicle

clar-

clear

clarify, declare

clud, clus

close

conclude, exclusion, seclude

co-

with, together

cooperate, coauthor, coexist, coincidence

com-

together, common

community, communication, compare, committee

con-

with, jointly

connect, contemporary, consensus, consequence, convince

contra-

against, opposite

contradict, contrary, controversy, contrast

dem-

people

democracy, demographic, epidemic

dia-

between, across

dialogue, diagnosis, diagram, diameter, dialect

doc-

teach

document, docile, doctrine

don-

give

donation, donor, pardon

dyna-

power

dynasty, dynamic, dynamite

extra, extro-

outside, beyond

extraordinary, extraterrestrial, extrovert

fug

flee, escape

fugitive, refugee

gen-

(genus)

birth, origin, formation

generation, genealogy, gene, genius, general, genre, genuine, indigenous

geo-

earth

geography, geology, geometry

gno-

to know

agnostic, acknowledge

graph-

write

autograph, graphic, demographic

grad, gress

step

progress, aggressive, grade, graduate, ingredient

hab-

to have

ability, exhibit, inhabit

hetero-

different, other

heterogeneous, heterosexual

hydr-

water

dehydrate, hydrant, hydropower

hyper

excessive

hyperbole, hyperreal, hypersensitive

imag-

likeness

image, imagine

inter-

between, among, jointly

international, interact, interview, interesting, interrupt

-ject

throw

project, reject, object

jur-

law

jury, justice, justify

lab

work

collaborate, elaborate, labor     

log, logue-

thought

logic, apologize, analogy

logos-

word, study

astrology, biology, logistics

mal-

bad, ill, wrong

malcontent, malaria, malicious

-mand

to order

command, demand, mandate

manu-

hand

manual, manicure, manipulate

max-

greatest

maximum, maximize

narc-

sleep

narcotic, narcolepsy

path-

feel

empathy, pathetic, apathy

phil-

love

philosophy, bibliophile, philanthropy

phon-

sound

microphone, phonograph, telephone

pre-

earlier, before, in front of

prepare, predict, predestine

prot-

primitive, first, chief

prototype, protocol, proton

sci-

know

science, conscious, prescience

self-

of, for, or by itself

self-discipline, self-respect, selfish

sens-

to feel

sensitive, sentient, resent

soph-

wise

philosophy, sophisticated, sophism

tele-

far

telescope, telepathy, television

terr-

earth

terrain, territory, extraterrestrial

vid, vis-

to see

video, vivid, invisible